Resolving personal and organizational conflict Essay

Resolving personal and organizational conflict - Essay Example The application of the conflict triangle can be seen as part of the situation in the way the presence of its three interrelated dimensions is undeniable; substance, procedure and relationship. The substantive dimension is a reflection of the concrete content of the conflict; that is, to be closer to my husband’s family and friends we will have to move to his home country whereas if I want to get my PhD from here. The other dimension is that of the procedural dimension which depicts the process that is used to make the decision. This can be the intense long talks that we have, the number of pros and cons lists which we have made over the course of this entire conflict and the conversations that have taken place; all of which that have been conducted with the intent of solving this problem. The last dimension is that of the relationship which encompasses our reactions, attitudes, power and most of all the intimacy and intensity of the bond we share as husband and wife where the conflict has a great impact on the course our life and relationship takes. The progress that we make on one dimension will have a critical impact the others. This can be seen in the way the procedural dimension, our constant conversations leading to no resolution, having an impact on our relationship.The position of the parties can be seen in the roles which I and my husband occupy in our marriage. We both fulfill the role of providers since the both of us have jobs. My husband is adamant that we move back.... number of pros and cons lists which we have made over the course of this entire conflict and the conversations that have taken place; all of which that have been conducted with the intent of solving this problem. The last dimension is that of the relationship which encompasses our reactions, attitudes, power and most of all the intimacy and intensity of the bond we share as husband and wife where the conflict has a great impact on the course our life and relationship takes. The progress that we make on one dimension will have a critical impact the others. This can be seen in the way the procedural dimension, our constant conversations leading to no resolution, having an impact on our relationship. The position of the parties can be seen in the roles which I and my husband occupy in our marriage. We both fulfill the role of providers since the both of us have jobs. We contribute equally towards the paying of bills and various household necessities. I take classes as well and will cont inue to do so as I want to do my PhD. My husband works full time and our relationship is relatively balanced in the way we both contribute to the completion of the household chores. We have one child so other than our jobs and my studies we devote the rest of the time for each other and have been a happy family for the past years. As far as our interests are concerned we usually manage our disagreements by finding common ground and quarrel infrequently. However our divergent interest as far as the current situation is concerned is a source of great unease for me. My husband is adamant that we move back to his home with his family now that I have completed my masters. We had initially planned to move back once I had graduated however I had always assumed that since we had settled so well and

Moods of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Moods of Poetry Essay Poetry is a way of expression a speaker’s feelings and emotions into a literary work. All poems have unique tones and moods which show what the speaker feels when writing the poem, and what the reader feels when reading it. For example, â€Å"The Rhodora† by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"Sonnet XVII: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?† by William Shakespeare, and â€Å"Song of Myself† by Walt Whitman, all have the similar mood of happiness and vitality. In â€Å"The Rhodora† by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the speaker finds a flower that is unique in beauty compared to the rest of nature. This poem is written loosely in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of aabbcdcdeeffghgh. In line twelve the speaker states â€Å"Then beauty is its own excuse for Being;† meaning that the purpose of the flower is to show beauty, and nothing more. â€Å"The Rhodora† provides the reader with a mood that is happy and uplifting and gives the reader a more respectful view of nature. â€Å"Sonnet XVII: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?† by William Shakespeare, is a sonnet which consists of 14 lines and is in one stanza. In line two the speaker writes â€Å"Thou art more lovely and more temperate†. The speaker is saying that she is more beautiful and gentle than anything he has ever seen. The speaker states that he loves her more than a summers day. The mood of this poem is uplifting and loving, making the reader happier.

Homicide Case Study: Homicide Patterns in the UK

Homicide Case Study: Homicide Patterns in the UK murder is when a man of sound memory and of the age of discretion, unlawfully killeth within any country of the realm any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the kings peace, with malice aforethought, either expressed by the party or implied law, so as the party wounded or hurt, etc, die of the wound or hurt, within a year and a day of the same. The aim of this essay is to determine whether the case study is typical of homicides and also to analyse in general and to clarify if it is an example of a particular type of murder and how does it fit into the general pattern of homicides in England and Wales. The author will look at typical cases of homicide and how it fits in with the case study, the general patterns of homicide in England and Wales. And finally we will analyse the biology, psychological and sociology state of Ryan with reference to the case study and the racial motive for the crime. The case study of Ryan is class as a typical homicide and also heavily involves racial violence leading to the homicide of Ryans victim. The criminological literature suggests some key behaviour traits that have been identified as potential contributors to violence and, thus, homicide. Such behaviours include physical aggression which often starts early in life (Ryan line 21 22) and can lead to homicidal violence later in life (Ryan line 40). Drug and alcohol abuse and criminal gang membership where with-in group norms can support violence and criminal activity. The number of homicides recorded by the police in 2011/12 (550) fell by 14 per cent compared with 2010/11. Homicide is at its lowest level since 1983 (when 550 were also recorded). The reducing trend in murder and homicide is reflected in a reduction in attempted murder, which is down 8 % and serious Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) and Actual Bodily Harm also down 8 % across England and Wales. Home Office data concluded that in 2011/12; more than two-thirds of homicide victims were male. The most common method of killing continues to be by sharp instrument. Female victims were more likely to be killed by someone they knew. In most of these cases, female victim were killed by a current or ex-partner while male victims were most likely to be killed by a friend or acquaintance. Victims aged 16 years were most likely to be killed by a parent or step- parent. There is a growing body of evidence about factors that place individuals at risk of criminal offending. The theoretical approaches towards biological, psychological and sociology attempt to explain the relationship between those risk factors and criminal behaviour related to Ryan. There is no consensus on the relative merit of these theories and it may be that the casual mechanisms are more or less significant for different individuals. The study of criminology theory is an opportunity to analyse crime through explanations for the creation of criminals and criminal behaviour. Each theory explains a reason for crime, making logic of the causes for the criminal appeal. Making sense of the dilemmas that impact social structure, behaviour, and change make it easier to understand what needs to be done to prevent the behaviour and actions of the criminal. Classical and biological theories of thought explain crime through two different considerations that are necessary for the rationalization of deviant behaviour. Most homicides are committed by one of the three major types of perpetrators; the victim has a relationship with the perpetrator, lovers, and spouses, children, neighbours, or co-workers. The victim is engaged in the use, purchase, sale, storage, or distribution of illegal drugs. The victim is either an innocent target or is either an innocent target or is engaged in socially marginal activities, such as prostitution, gang behaviour. These with are classed as typical types of homicide. Homicides committed by serial killers, psychotic killers, and perpetrators who do not fit into one of the three major types are atypical homicides. Racist violence in the UK came under sharp public interest following the murder of a Black teenager, Stephen Lawrence, by a gang of racist white youths in 1993 and the subsequent public inquiry that was reported in 1999 (Macpherson 1999). Among the UK police it resulted in the creation of many new practices, training, and requirements to report, record and act on allegations of racist harassment and assault. (Bowling 2002) The targeting of racist violence, along with domestic and homophobic violence is part of a wider social and legal agenda to tackle the hate or bias crimes where the victim is selected on the grounds of their social status. As a result of this, the numbers of recorded racist attacks in England and Wales has risen from 15,000 in 1988 to 25,000 in 1999, and 54,351 in 2003. (Home Office 2002). Mesner (1989) stated that alongside inequality, an aggravating factor would be the mechanism by which inequality was reproduced, so that inequality based on racist exclusion woul d result in high levels of diffuse hostility and a high homicide rate. The elements of criminal behaviour are no means a simple equation. A small percentage of crime is attributed to abnormality or genetics. Criminal activity can be explained in terms of the learning of societal norms were an individual has mistaken or been influenced to develop a way of living that is not compatible with the laws of a given society, therefore a conflict is created that may lead to a criminal confrontation. Another aspect though is that a small percentage of a given societies people will suffer from abnormalities or mental infirmities that are actually the predominant cause of an individuals criminal conduct. This is exasperated by the social phenomena of stereotyping, prejudice and racism that that heavily contribute to social injustice (McKnight et al 1994) ( RYAN line 33). Seen in the light of frustration (Bartol 1999) and escalation (Bartol 1999) theories it can be seen that biological explanations of behaviour are far too limited in that it is next to impossible for a person to change their genetic structures. Normal criminals and abnormal criminals are better accounted for their behaviour by both biological and psychological theory though the more comprehensive theory is psychological as this takes into account biological factors as well as environment, the individual, cognitive processes and social and group processes. To explain these concepts of criminal behaviour theories from biological, learning and social cognition are outlined and evidence is presented that shows why more than just biological determinants of criminal behaviour are important. Lombrosos work is a biological theory, which he believed accounted for why criminals committed crimes. (Bartol 1999) in unison with the contemporary views makes the statement that Lombrusos work did not fully account for criminal behaviour. While the important role of psychosocial factors in the development of criminal behaviour has long been acknowledged, there has been an increasing interest in the neurobiological basis of aggression and crime over the past decade, boosted by methodological advances in genetics (Sterzer et al 2009). Researchers recognised the potential role of biological factors in the etiology of criminal behaviour and analysed whether abnormal fear conditioning predisposes to crime (Gao et al 2010). Fear conditioning is a basic form of learning in which fear is associated with a previously neutral stimulus. In relation to Ryan fear conditioning could of being a big part in his early life and this factor could have played a major part of this individuals biological make-up. In imitational learning, behaviour is observed and imitated and is maintained depending on the extent of re-enforcement that occurs. When aggression is observed it may lead to a swing in the norm of aggression as unacceptable to b eing acceptable. According to (Bandura 1995) behaviour that is learned can also be relearned with more appropriate responses, however (Bartol 1999) argued that cognitive scripts are resistant to change and they are subject to observational learning and reinforcement theory. Therefore, the age at which a given behaviour is learned is dependent on the rewards it brings when it is imitated and the length of time it is maintained before it is the form of criminal confrontation. The problem is that the behaviour that is causing the criminal confrontation will be more resistant to change the longer it went undetected, reinforced and maintained therefore this behaviour will be more resistant to being replaced with a more appropriate behaviour. In theory the better a young person is raised with good models of social normality the less likely the individual is going to adapt antisocial behaviour. Crime is a multifaceted behavioural outcome of complex interactions among multiple biological an d environmental factors and cannot possibly be explained by a single neurobiological factor such as fear conditioning. The degree to which criminal behaviour is controllable and correctable is determined by many connecting factors none of which alone can explain crime. The approaches of psychological learning theories are the subsequent developments are more comprehensive biological theories are far too simple and do not account for all areas of individual and social behaviour. The biological theories emphasise the values on a complicated issue that demands attention to detail and a broad minded approach that is willing to account for human behaviour and how they do or dont commit deviant behaviour in society. One in three men in the UK will have a conviction for a serious offence by the age of 31. (Newburn et al 1994) states that the most significant fact about crime is that it is almost always committed by men (Ryan was 22). There are many social and cultural theories of violent behaviour, stressing social learning (Hearn 1998). Through violence men attempt to affirm a positive self-concept, enhance self- esteem and reclaim personal power (Campbell 1993). Male violence reflects patterns of socialization in which the male role involves greater readiness to use violence as a means of control and assertion of power. The theory of hegemonic masculinity (Connell 1995 Messerschmidts 1997), masculinity is viewed as a crucial part of intersection of different sources and forms of power, stratification, desire and identity. Connell (1995) states that performance and choice rather than passively learnt behaviour. Violent behaviour is chosen while calling upon dominant discourses of masculinity fo r support and legitimation. In Ryans case, Ryan in fact made the informed choice to commit and act upon his own violent behaviour towards his victim (Ryan lines 30-46). In conclusion, Ryan just adds to the Home Office statistics of young male men who commit homicide in todays society, and unfortunately fits into the general pattern of homicides in England and Wales. Ryans actions on that night out will have a drastic effect on Ryan for the rest of this young mans life forever. Ryans act of homicide is labelled as a typical type of homicide. Ryans vicious attack on his victim will probably result in a typical murder charge and Ryan will be looking at a lengthy custodial sentence. It is unlikely Ryan could plead manslaughter due to the fact that Ryans actions on that night out, do not meet any of the criteria for a lesser charge of manslaughter. Ryans actions that night have destroyed so many lifes, his victim, his friend (who will also probably be charged with murder), and Ryans young life. Ryans decision to commit that vicious attack that lead to homicide will also have an effect on all family members of those mentioned.

Botswana Essay -- Africa Culture Papers

Botswana (1)The people of Botswana are presently torn between the survival of its ancestors’ cultural traditions and the growth of an optimistic republic. Within this study, the characteristics of Batswana’s lifestyles from the past, their present conditions, and outlooks upon the country’s future will be discussed. Botswana was born a country of flourishing diversity. It was a land inhabited by nomadic Bushmen (also known as San or Basarwa) and countless numbers of different tribes, who coexisted peaceably with one another. These people of ancient times lived contentedly through the land’s provisions of plants and abundant species of animals and through prosperous trade with each other. Today, this simple way of life conflicts the nation’s potential wealth in democracy, cattle industry, diamond-mining, and other technologies. Both lifestyles have their advantages and disadvantages, a majority of which will be portrayed within this composition. Botswana is entangled in a struggle to produce what is healthiest for its country’s people and environment for the present time and for the infinite years to come. This study will explore several different hardships that Botswana is suffering and the peace that the people have maintained throughout the years. (2) Concerning Botswana’s condition, the national geography standards that this study mainly relates to focus upon places and regions and environment and society. The physical and human characteristics of Botswana will be emphasized by geographical descriptions of the land and its resources and wildlife, and by portraying the attributes of the government, cultures, religions, and everyday lives of Batswana. How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of p... ...ricanet. "Botswana History." http://www.africanet.com/countries/botswana.htm (1997). Central Intelligence Agency Fact book. â€Å"Botswana." http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/bc.html (2 Feb. 1999). Conservation International Foundation. "Botswana." http://www.conservation.org/WEB/FIELDACT/REGIONS/AFRIREG/BOTSWANA.HTM (7 December 1998). Inter Green Services Limited. "Botswana: the mysterious soul of ancient Africa" http://www.safariweb.com/botswana/index.htm (1996). Inter knowledge Corporation. "An Introduction to Botswana." http://www.interknowledge.com/botswana/ (2 Feb. 1999). Nsereko, Daniel D. "Religious liberty and the law in Botswana." Journal of Church and State Autumn 1992: 843-862. Zich, Arthur. "Botswana: the adopted land." National Geographic December 1990: 70-97.

Bail to Jail

Richard Singer covers in his book â€Å"Examples & Explanations: Criminal Procedure II: From Bail to Jail† almost everything that can be legally relevant in the judicial process following the arrest of the possible suspect or future convict. Exhaustive and extremely well-documented, the book covers important aspects in the mechanism ranging from bargained pleas and charging decisions to sentencing and appeals that may follow the jury decision.One of the most important positive aspect we may point out in this book is the courage the author has to include deeply debated legal subjects we are dealing with nowadays. Certainly, in a time of global war with terrorism, new and out of place measures for the democratic civilizations may seem out of place. We are not referring only to the increased measures of national security, but also to controversial issues such as Guantanamo Bay.Given the fact that, on one hand, in the global war against terror, we may consider that almost anything goes and that, on the other hand, significant abuse on human rights were marked by numerous party there, we may consider that deciding to deal with these cases and to explain them is actually a tough and courageous decision on the part of any author. However, Richard Singer does just that. He is not afraid to approach such subjects and his book is very present in today’s reality. From enemy combatant cases to Guantanamo Bay, everything is approached here.In many ways, we feel that this book covers every relevant detail in traditional topics related to post-arrest procedures, including relevant post-trial actions. Further more, as a student, one can only find that the book is written so as to fit the needs of a student. In this sense, we see, for example, that the general approaches to different legal actions and concepts are always followed up by different sets of exercises, each completed with explanations and answers. As a student, one always finds this helpful as it pract ically prolongs the explanations in the book, applying them to learned theory.Relating to the different chapters, this book includes opinions on â€Å"early decisions about the defendant, charging decisions, the grand jury and alternatives, evidence disclosure, pleas of guilt and bargained pleas, the jury, double jeopardy, assistance of counsel, sentencing, and appeals and collateral attack† , only to mention some of them. It is difficult to select the most useful or interesting aspect in this book. The main quality we may find is that it is professionally written and that the approach of a professional is felt throughout the book.Additionally, even if the background is scientific, the approach is often close to the reader, with useful testing features and the capacity to involve the reader in study. Given the difficulty of the subject, this is often something to appreciate: an approach that is likely to reach better the reader is often preferred. Bibliography 1. Barnes and N obles Review. On the Internet at http://btobsearch. barnesandnoble. com/booksearch/isbnInquiry. asp? z=y&btob=Y&isbn=0735550638&TXT=Y&itm=2

Terrorist Attack

Terrorist Attack The terrorist attacks on September 11th have repeatedly been related to Pearl Harbor. In many ways, the analogy is apparent. Just as that attack initiated us into World War II, the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have initiated us into a new kind of war, against terrorism. But starting this sort of borderless war holds great risks, not only to the armed forces commanded to fight but also to core national values. In this way, Pearl Harbor brings other distressing memories, those of the internment.Similar to the explosions on the East Coast, the bombing of Pearl Harbor on 12-7, devastated our beliefs of national security. How could this have taken place? Average individuals, famous journalists, and government officials soon started criticizing at the Japanese in America. Viewing these "Orientals" as terminally foreign, speaking foreign languages, effect foreign cultures, active foreign religions (Shinto, Buddhism), American society could not differentiate between the Empire of Japan and Americans of Japanese crash.United StatesAs General DeWitt, in charge of the Western Defense Command, put it, "A Jap's a Jap." As government reports quickly to the wrapping up that Japanese Americans aided and supported the attack, the wheels of the internment machinery began revolving.On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which approved armed forces in the Western U.S. to issue no matter what orders were essential for national security. Although provoked by DeWitt's threateningly titled "Final Recommendation" for mass internment, the Order suitably made no declaration of race or ethnicity. In March, Congress criminalized insubordination of military rules issued pursuant to the executive order. By December, an well-organized, powerful military had determined nearly all Japanese on the West Coast into ten isolated camps, encircled by barbed wire and armed sentries. All this without the...