Essay on Capitalism Vs. Socialism - 1805 Words

Comparisons between countries and regions before and after the advent of capitalism in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Europe as well as a comparison of Cuba and the ex-communist countries provide us with an adequate basis to draw some definitive conclusions. Fifteen years of transition to capitalism is more than adequate time to judge the performance and impact of capitalist politicians, privatizations, free market policies and other restoration measures on the economy, society and general welfare of the population. Economic Performance: Growth, Employment and Poverty Under communism the economic decisions and property were national and publicly owned. Over the past 15 years of the transition to capitalism almost all basic†¦show more content†¦Moreover economic inequalities have grown geometrically with 1% of the top income bracket controlling 80% of private assets and more than 50% of income while poverty levels exceed 50% or even higher. In the former USSR, especially south-central Asian republics like Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, living standards have fallen by 80%, almost one fourth of the population has out-migrated or become destitute and industries, public treasuries and energy sources have been pillaged. The scientific, health and educational systems have been all but destroyed. In Armenia, the number of scientific researchers declined from 20,000 in 1990 to 5,000 in 1995, and continues on a downward slide (National Geographic, March 2004). From being a center of Soviet high technology, Armenia today is a country run by crimi nal gangs in which most people live without central heat and electricity. In Russia the pillage was even worse and the economic decline was if anything more severe. By the mid 1990s, over 50% of the population (and even more outside of Moscow and St. Peterburg - formerly Leningrad) lived in poverty, homelessness increased and universal comprehensive health and education services collapsed. Never in peace-time modern history has a country fallen so quickly and profoundly as is the case of capitalist Russia. The economy was privatized - that is, it was taken over by Russian gangsters led by the eight billionaire oligarchs who shipped over $200 billion dollars out ofShow MoreRelatedCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Socialism868 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism vs Socialism Capitalism and socialism have been two school of thoughts in economics that have opposing factors, and there have been a lot of criticisms and comparison on which economy is better in terms of economic equality, and the role that the government plays in the society. In most situations, a society with a better economic opportunities and choices, with more technological advancement and private owned businesses would be a better option to a society that is collectively ownedRead MoreSocialism : Socialism Vs. Capitalism1156 Words   |  5 PagesEric Butterbaugh Mrs. Penwell English Composition November 8, 2015 Socialism V. Capitalism In the past the word Socialism or Socialist has been used with a negative connotation but recently with the rise of Senator Bernie Sander, Independent from Vermont, running for the Democratic Nomination for President of the United States of America, it has became a positive word that many people are finding themselves agreeing with and flocking to see a Socialist speak about economic and social problemsRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Communism1175 Words   |  5 Pages Capitalism VS. Socialism/Communism Analysis The industrial revolution changed the way people lived. 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Capitalistic policy gives an equal opportunity to everyone to become a wealthy person. * Person can have his own business and developRead MoreCommunism vs Socialism vs Capitalism1861 Words   |  8 PagesCommunism vs. Socialism vs. Capitalism With every type of government, there are going to be many inefficiencies and flaws to deal with. A perfect way to run a country, socially and economically, has yet to be discovered. Social Equality and economic opportunity have proven throughout history to be two great entities that cannot be intertwined with each other. The idea of running communist country is good willed because it is striving for social equally for all and equal possession of the countrysRead MoreThe Battle of European Socialism vs. American Capitalism2286 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The Battle of European Socialism vs. American Capitalism† Let the battle begin, on the left we have European Socialism and on the right we have American Capitalism! Round One: What is Capitalism? Capitalism is regarded as an economic system and a political strategy distinguished by certain characteristics whose development is conditioned by numerous variables. So how is Capitalism viewed in the United States of America? American Capitalism can be viewed in multipleRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Socialism : The Transitional Period Between Capitalism And Communism1330 Words   |  6 PagesCapitalism versus Socialism In the theories developed by Karl Marx, socialism is considered the transitional period between capitalism and communism. For a long time, capitalism versus socialism has been argued and debated. Socialism is an economic system in which goods and services are provided through a central system of government and aims to make everyone equal. They have different forms of socialism that have different beliefs. Some of the biggest disadvantages of socialism are that it reliesRead MoreHarrison Bergeron Essay: Compare the Epic War or Socialism vs. Capitalism.1054 Words   |  5 Pagescircumstances there is an ambiguous theme targeting Socialism and Capitalism that shines through. In the story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, both Socialism and Capitalism are made fun of through extended satirical references. In the story, Vonneguts future predicts a rise of Socialism in America. However this Socialism relates to the equality of results as appose to equality of results. Vonnegut paints this very ugly picture of Socialism despite his views against Capitalism because of the misconceptions of the AmericanRead MoreEconomic Systems: Socialism and Capitalism Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesI have observed that when Americans discuss the relative merits of socialism vs. capitalism, the chief debates that come up are †¢ What would happen if we remove the stimulus for innovation and productivity that a free market generates? This implies having a free market including individual ownership and control, and to varying degrees a laissez-faire government. †¢ Would it be possible to have a thriving society in which we would not have 20% of the population living in poverty and without adequateRead MoreComparing Capitalism and Socialism730 Words   |  3 Pageswe have in the world today are socialism and capitalism. In this text, I will in addition to comparing and contrasting socialism and capitalism also discuss the shortcomings of these two economic systems. Further, amongst other things, I will highlight the overlaps between the two. Capitalism vs. Socialism In seeking to highlight the key differences between socialism and capitalism, it would be prudent to first offer a concise definition of the two terms. Capitalism in the words of Brinkerhoff,

The Sunbeam Board Of Directors - 1620 Words

This paper attempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude with the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case p. 2) Sunbeam’s BOD brought in Al Dunlap to turnaround this ailing firm, based on Dunlap’s proven ‘restructuring and downsizing’ track record. â€Å"For much of his career before coming to Sunbeam, Dunlap was known as the poster child of corporate restructuring (case p.1).† Self-serving CEO’s (Dunlap’s) short-sighted and flawed shareholder primacy view Dunlap focused largely and explicitly on shareholder primacy and practically lacking consideration for all other stakeholders of the firm, which reflected in his â€Å"take-no-prisoners† (case p.1) management style during his tenure as Sunbeam’s CEO. Dunlap’s goals were limited to just maximizing stockholders’ wealth by adopting fast turnaround tactics and all other salient characteristics of the very existence of corporation such as product innovation, product/service quality, employee and customer satisfaction and corporate ethics were completely neglected. Mr. Dunlap’s adaptation of shareholder-theory was based on historic view ofShow MoreRelatedThe Sunbeam Board Of Directors1488 Words   |  6 PagesThis case attempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s C hief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case pRead MoreAl Dunpal Case Study1394 Words   |  6 Pagesstock price from $38.00 to $120.00 and sold the company to Kimberly Clark for more than $6B. Due to his past success, Al Dunlap was hired to turn around Sunbeam. Sunbeam had a long period of management and financial instability. In other words, Sunbeam needed a â€Å"savior.† Many believed this was Al Dunlap. Unfortunately, through his tenure at Sunbeam, stock price fell from a high $53.00 to $16.00 on the day that he was fired. Were his â€Å"rightsizing† techniques not adequate? or was he just an overpaidRead Moreï » ¿Case Study â€Å"Al Dunlap a t Sunbeam†1020 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Study â€Å"Al Dunlap at Sunbeam† Response to Dunlap’s view of shareholder privacy I don’t agree with Dunlap’s view that shareholders are the only constituencies about which corporate directors and executives should be concerned. In light of agents’ obligations to principals, managers are supposed act in the best interest of the company’s shareholders, the major capital providers, when making decisions; however, as shareholders and stakeholders interests are to a large extent compatible, especiallyRead MoreCorporate Fraud: Sunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al Essay1940 Words   |  8 PagesBackground In July 1996, Alert J.Dunlap (also known as Chainsaw Al)was hired as CEO and Chairman by Sunbeams board of directors to help the company from a period of lagging sales and profits and make it an attractive acquisition target. Dunlap used cost-cutting style method and had a reputation for results that immediately the price of Sunbeam stock price increased by 60 percent. How things begin? In 1997, Dunlap fired thousands of employees, shut down factories and warehouses, and streamlinedRead MoreSunbeam: Balance Sheet and Shareholders Wealth966 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of the different investment, financing, and dividend decisions made by that particular firm. When it comes to the Sunbeam case, I think that in the beginning, June of 1996, Albert Dunlap definitely succeeded in maximizing shareholders’ wealth. It seems to me that he was more of a short term guy, considering that in the long run everything ended up backfiring. Sunbeam used a sketchy approach when it came to their accounting practices, and in turn the company was able to report higher revenueRead MoreAl Dunlap and Sunbeam875 Words   |  4 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS MEMORANDUM DATE: September 14, 2011 SUBJECT: Al Dunlap at Sunbeam analysis Introduction This memo will reflect on and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors during Albert Dunlap’s tenure as CEO. This analysis will include an overview of Sunbeam’s goals, evaluation of 1996 – 1997 and 1998 compensation package, assessment of the firing decision by BOD and the overall governance of the BOD. Sunbeam’s Goals Dunlap is famousRead MoreSunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al3034 Words   |  13 PagesOTTAWA UNIVERSITY FINANCE ADMINISTRATION POST-CLASS ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 FAHRIAN C.H. CHOE STUDENT ID: 128370 MELAKA # 03 DUE: JULY 5, 2004 FINAL CASE IN FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING SUNBEAM CORPORATION AND CHAINSAW AL Prepared For Richard Brewington Instructor Ottawa University International Prepared by Fahrian C.H. Choe Student Ottawa University International June 30th, 2004 CONTENTS Read MoreSunbeam Corporation Ethics4981 Words   |  20 PagesBusiness Case Studies – January/February 2010 Volume 6, Number 1 Sunbeam Corporation: A Forensic Analysis Patricia Hatfield, Ph.D., Bradley University, USA Shelly Webb, Ph. D., Xavier University, USA ABSTRACT The members of the Board of Directors at Sunbeam were completely bewildered. Al Dunlap, Sunbeam’s highly successful but controversial CEO was threatening to resign after almost two years of leading Sunbeam successfully out of a slump that had threatened the long-term viability Read MoreSunbeam Ethical Analysis2500 Words   |  10 Pages 3 Restructures in Sunbeam 3 Turnaround at Sunbeam 5 Accounting Practices at Sunbeam Corporation 5 Accusations 5 Key Players in Sunbeam’s Scandal 6 Unethical Behaviours 7 Ethical Analysis 7 Stakeholder Theory 7 Deontological Theory 7 Shareholder Theory 7 Utilitarianism Theory 7 Reference 9 Executive Summary This report is based on Sunbeam Corporation and Albert DunlapRead MoreCooperative Advertising Reserve : A Cooperative Advertisement Reserve Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesAn excessive figure called the cooperative advertising reserve was literally recognized by Sunbeam in the year 1996. It was mainly established to fund a part or portion of its personal retailers’ costs by running the local promotions.Anderson was supposed to have identified the increase of the amount recorded known to 25% more than prior’s year accrual amount which turns out to be an amount of $21,800,000 dollars at least identified during the horizontal analysis of the financial statement especially

Blackwater USA security Free Essays

string(47) " to provide security services in the Iraq War\." Blackwater Worldwide in the past called Blackwater USA Security-Blackwater is the name for the peat-colored water of the swamp, is the U. S. government has inaudibly hired to maneuver in international war zones and on American soil. We will write a custom essay sample on Blackwater USA security or any similar topic only for you Order Now The contacts run from deep within the military and intelligence agencies to the upper echelons of the White House. This company that is a self-described private military company founded in 1997 by a man named Erik Prince and Al Clark which is also the same company also referred to as the security contactor or mercenary organization by the international reporters, the founder Erik Prince a former Navy SEAL. Prince attended the Naval Academy, graduated from Hillsdale College, and was an intern in George H. W. Bush’s White House. Prince is a major financial supporter of Republican Party causes and candidates emerged from ancestors that was one of the top reservoir rollers of, not only the â€Å"Republican revolution† of the 1990s that brought Newt Gingrich and the Contract with America to authority, but also the growing of what the spiritual accurate or the Christian conventional lobby group. Erik Prince’s family gave the kernel money for Gary Bauer to found the Family Research Council. The founder Erik Prince of the Blackwater USA security is a major bank roller of President Bush, his cronies, and the Christian conservative movement in this nation and in 2002 Blackwater Security Consulting (BSC) was formed. It was one of several private security firms employed following the U. S. invasion of Afghanistan. BSC is one of over 60 private security firms employed during the Iraq War to guard officials and installations, train Iraq’s new army and police, and provide other support for occupation forces. Blackwater was also hired during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina by the Department of Homeland Security, as well as by private clients, including communications, petrochemical and insurance companies in Overall; the company has received over US$1 billion in government contracts. In administration Blackwater’s president Gary Jackson, is also a former Navy SEAL and Cofer Black, the company’s current vice chairman, was director of the CIA’s Counterterrorist Center (CTC) at the time of the September 11, 2001 attacks. He was the United States Department of State coordinator for counterterrorism with the rank of ambassador at large from December 2002 to November 2004. After leaving public service, Black became chairman of the privately owned intelligence gathering company Total Intelligence Solutions, Inc. , as well as vice chairman for Blackwater. Joseph E. Schmitz holds an executive position in Blackwater’s holding company, Prince Group. He was previously inspector general of the Department of Defense, an appointment of George W. Bush. Robert Richer was vice president of intelligence until January 2007, when he formed Total Intelligence Solutions. He was formerly the head of the CIA’s Near East Division. [20][21] Black is presently senior advisor for counterterrorism and national security issues for the 2008 Presidential election bid of Mitt Romney. Blackwater is based in the U. S. A in the state of North Carolina, where it operates a tactical training facility that it said to be the world’s largest. The company trains more than 40,000 people a year, from U. S. A or foreign military and police services, as well as other U. S. A government agencies. The training consists of military offensive and defensive portioning and in smaller scale human resources security. Expertise and modus operandi trained are not limited by U. S. domestic law although we are not yet sure what legal status Blackwater operates in the U. S. and other countries and the fortification of the U. S. extends to Blackwater which is operations globally. Blackwater is the mysterious story of the ascending of a powerful mercenary army, ranging from the blood-soaked streets of Fallujah to rooftop firefights in Najaf to the hurricane-ravaged US gulf to Washington DC, where Blackwater executives are hailed as new conquerors in the war on terror. Blackwater USA Security has massive of about 6,000 acres of the Great Dismal Swamp acre training facility as part of its headquarters, Moyock in North Carolina (just south of the Virginia border). The firm has additional offices in Baghdad, Iraq, and Kuwait City this is according to The â€Å"About Blackwater† section of its website states: â€Å"Blackwater Training Center which was founded in 1996 to fulfill the anticipated demand for government outsourcing of firearms and related security training. Blackwater has the finest private firearms training facility in the U. S. Blackwater has set a new standard for firearms and security training and is recognized as the industry leader in providing government outsource solutions in training, security, canine services, aviation support services, range construction and steel target equipment. Since its inception however, the main work of Blackwater has been deploying its own mercenary army– recruited from elite U. S. military forces especially from Navy SEALS and Marine Recon, SWAT police forces, and international â€Å"soldiers of fortune. † In February it started training former Chilean commandos–some of whom served under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet–for use in Iraq. Blackwater has trained over 50,000 military and law enforcement personnel and provided solutions to hundreds of satisfied customers. This is an extraordinary delineation by one of America’s most exciting young radical correspondents called Jeremy Scahill the undercover journalist in his new book â€Å"Blackwater† talks about The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army where he says that Blackwater is the honored Praetorian Guard for the global war on terror with its own military base. Blackwater is presently the largest of the U. S. State Department’s three private sanctuary contractors, providing a total of 987 contractors. The correspondent in his book writes that Blackwater mercenary firm vehemently demonstrates the grave jeopardy of outsourcing the government’s cartel on the use of force many of which are U. S. citizens. At least 90 percent of its proceeds come from government contracts, two-thirds of which are no-bid contracts. Blackwater Worldwide is currently contracted by the United States government to provide security services in the Iraq War. You read "Blackwater USA security" in category "Papers" In October 2007, Blackwater USA rebranded them as Blackwater Worldwide. Blackwater Worldwide has played a substantial role during the Iraq War, as a contractor for the United States government, especially in 2003; Blackwater received its first high-profile contract when it received a $21 million no-bid contract for guarding the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority, L. Paul Bremer. Since June 2004, Blackwater has been paid more than $320 million out of a $1 billion, five-year State Department the financial statement for the Worldwide Personal Protective Service, which protects U. S. officials and some foreign officials in conflict zones. In 2006, Blackwater won the remunerative contract to protect the U. S. embassy in Iraq, which is the largest American embassy in the world. It is anticipated by the Pentagon and company representatives that there are 20,000 to 30,000 armed security contractors working in Iraq. Of the State Department’s dependence on private contractors like Blackwater for security purposes, U. S. ambassador to Iraq, Ryan Crocker, told the U. S. Senate: â€Å"There is simply no way at all that the State Department’s Bureau of Diplomatic Security could ever have sufficient full-time personnel to staff the security occupation in Iraq. There is no unconventional except through contracts. According to the republicans of early this year 2008, Blackwater USA security will leave the bureau armed and dangerous because Blackwater is the absolutely mesmerizing an explosive story of how the Bush Administration has spent hundreds of millions of public dollars edifice a comparable corporate army, an army enthusiastic to grounds it constitutes nothing less than a Republican Guard which is the most imperative and unnerving book about the death throes of U. S. egalitarianism in the estimative coverage about how insane Bush privatization efforts, not an iota is more worrisome than the corporatizing of military struggle forces. Jeremy Scahill admirably exposes a overwhelming example of this baleful scheme, the writer says that the only person interested in the privatization of the military is president Bush due to the advantages that we will gain from keeping the military force in the course of the Iraq fight. This engrossing investigative piece exposing, in shocking detail, a U. S. government-outsourced Frankenstein replete with helicopter gunships may leave you unconvinced. But you better believe it, for it poses a grave and gathering danger to the future of our Republic. According to Ray McGovern, CIA veteran and former intelligence briefer for George H. W. Bush, in this terrorizing and thrillingly written book, Jeremy Scahill initiates us to the shape of things to come, and to the kind of people and conglomerates apt to preside over our lives if we don’t do something marvelous about it promptly. According to research from the writer Jeremy Scahill’s comprehensive research and reporting elevates the shroud off the ever-tightening relationship between the federal administration and unaccountable private military corporations such as Blackwater USA. This type of mercenary army has no whatsoever reason to have this type of civilian military organization due to its relationship with the US government which is considered to be of intrinsic danger and moral conflicts involved in the using of public funds to engage a clandestine corporation which exists to generate profit to supplement and to supersede the military in its role to endow with for the common defense. Alarming issues leap to mind like a panther springing upon its prey. Moreover the Social Darwinists sitting atop the food chain in the wealthiest, most powerful nation in humanity’s history now have access to their own paramilitary force. They can unleash their private army on the unfit when the need arises, whether it be within America’s borders or otherwise. New Orleans is a prime example. 150 highly trained Blackwater quasi-military professionals openly armed with assault weapons descended on a tragedy-stricken city. As hurricane victims taking necessities were called â€Å"looters† and shoot to kill orders were in effect, those who value property over people saw to it that their interests were well-protected. Thankfully, Blackwater was there to protect the patrician class from the â€Å"savages† from the Lower Ninth Ward who had the audacity to attempt survival; also Blackwater’s global presence includes Iraq, where the murder of four of their employees triggered the US military’s revengeful attack on Fallujah in which it committed scandalous war crimes and mayhem against hundreds of Iraqi civilians. Why the four Blackwater contractors were near Fallujah the day of their deaths remains unclear. The mainstream media, Blackwater and the US government claim that they were on security detail shielding a food delivery. However, some suggest that the claims of protecting a food caravan were a ruse to cover the fact that Blackwater employees were completing a military operation. While the facts remain ambiguous, it is certain that the conventional media’s description of the Blackwater victims as civilian contractors was significantly inaccurate, this led to the Blackwater’s license to operate in Iraq being revoked by the Iraqi Government on September 17, 2007, resulting from a highly contentious incident that occurred the previous day during which seventeen (initially reported as eleven) Iraqis were killed. The fatalities occurred while a Blackwater Private Security Detail (PSD) was escorting a convoy of U. S. State Department vehicles en route to a meeting in western Baghdad with United States Agency for International Development officials. The US State Department has said that â€Å"innocent life was lost. An anonymous U. S. military official was quoted as saying that Blackwater’s guards opened fire without provocation and used excessive force, the incident has sparked at least 5 investigations, with the FBI now saying it will begin a probe. Blackwater helicopters were dispatched to evacuate the Polish ambassador following an insurgent assassination attempt. On October 2, 2007 Erik Prince was subject to a congressional hearing conducted by the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform following the controversy related to Blackwater’s conduct in Iraq and Afghanistan. Blackwater hired the public relations firm BKSH Associates Worldwide, a subsidiary of Burson-Marsteller, to help Prince prepare for his testimony at the hearing. Robert Tappan, a former U. S. State Department official who worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad, was one the executives handling the account. BKSH, a self-described â€Å"bipartisan† headed by Charlie Black, a prominent Republican political strategist and former chief spokesman for the Republican National Committee, and Scott Pastrick, former treasurer of the Democratic National Committee. The case went on until when testifying before Congress came and Prince complained about the lack of remedies his company has to deal with employee misdeeds. When asked why an employee involved in the killing of a vice-presidential guard incident had been â€Å"whisked out of the country† he replied, â€Å"We can’t flog him, we can’t incarcerate him. Asked by a member of Congress for financial information about his company, Prince declined to provide it. â€Å"We’re a private company, and there’s a key word there private, he later stated that the company could provide it at a future date if questions were submitted in writing when the term â€Å"mercenaries† was used to describe Blackwater employees, Prince objected, characterizing them instead as â€Å"loyal Americans†. A Committee on Oversight and Government Reform staff report based largely on internal Blackwater e-mail messages and State Department documents, describes Blackwater as â€Å"being staffed with reckless, shoot-first guards who were not always sober and did not always stop to see who or what was hit by their bullets. A staff report compiled by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on behalf of Representative Waxman questioned the cost-effectiveness of using Blackwater forces instead of U. S. troops. Blackwater charges the government $1,222 per day per guard, â€Å"equivalent to $445,000 per year, or six times more than the cost of an equivalent U. S. soldier,† the report alleged, during his testimony on Capitol Hill, Erik Prince disputed this figure, saying that it costs money for the government to train a soldier, to house and feed them, they don’t just come prepared to fight. â€Å"That sergeant doesn’t show up naked and untrained†, Prince stated. In the wake of Prince’s testimony before Congress, the US House passed a bill in October, 2007 that would make all private contractors working in Iraq and other combat zones subject to prosecution by U. S. courts and Senate Democratic leaders have said they plan to send similar legislation to President Bush as soon as possible. The legal status of Blackwater and other security firms in Iraq is a subject of contention, before he left Iraq; L. Paul Bremer signed â€Å"Order 17† giving all Americans associated with the CPA and the American government immunity from Iraqi law. A July 2007 report from the American Congressional Research Service indicates that the Iraqi government still has no authority over private security firms contracted by the U. S. government. On October 5, 2007 the State Department announced new rules for Blackwater’s armed guards operating in Iraq. Under the new guidelines, State Department security agents will accompany all Blackwater units operating in and around Baghdad. The State Department will also install video surveillance equipment in all Blackwater armored vehicles, and will keep recordings of all radio communications between Blackwater convoys in Iraq and the military and civilian agencies which supervise their activities. Also on September 23, 2007, the Iraqi government said that it expects to refer criminal charges to its courts in connection with a shooting involving Blackwater guards. However, on October 29, 2007, immunity from prosecution was granted by The U. S. State Department, delaying a criminal inquiry into the Sept. 16 deadly shooting of 17 Iraqi civilians. Immediately afterwards, the Iraqi government approved a draft law to end any and all immunity for foreign military contractors in Iraq, to overturn Order 17. The U. S. Department of Justice also said any immunity deals offered to Blackwater employees were invalid, as the department that issued them had no authority to do so. Legal specialists say that the U. S. government is unlikely to allow a trial in the Iraqi courts, because there is little confidence that trials would be fair. Contractors accused of crimes abroad could be tried in the United States under either military or civilian law; however, the applicable military law, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, was changed in 2006, and appears to now exempt State Department contractors that provide security escorts for a civilian agency. Prosecution under civilian law would be through the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, which allows the extension of federal law to civilians supporting military operations; however, according to the deputy assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s criminal division Robert Litt, trying a criminal case in federal court would require a secure chain of evidence, with police securing the crime scene immediately, while evidence gathered by Iraqi investigators would be regarded as suspect. To conclude the Backwaters should not have this type of civilian military organization in any part of the world including in the U. S. A because it is too costly especially to the Government of president Bush including the civilians who get to pay a lot to taxes to keep the military running. The innocent people dying all over the world where the mercenary army controls is an abuse of the human rights especially in Iraq, Bagdad and Somalia. References: 1. www. blackwaterusa. com/new/btwarchive. html 2. Blackwater by Jeremy Scahill 2007 by Jeremy Scahill. How to cite Blackwater USA security, Papers

Capacity Building Interventions Entreprenurship

Question: Discuss about the Capacity Building Interventions Entreprenurship. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on quantitative assessment of proposed marketing positions of ARTS in Rwanda. ARTS is a successful company that provides the technology-based products. The major products of ARTS are Mackbook Pro, Spy Camera, Notebookpad, computer, projector and many more. However, the due to the dynamic market situation, the company in the recent time, faces some market challenges and it is determined to Rwandan market. The company ARTS claims that Positive BGH copies the design of ARTS products. The entry-level computer is designed by Positive BGH to exploit the Rwandan market. Even though, ARTS has tremendous marketing strategies BGH has a large market share in Rwandan technology market. Thus, to evaluate the current position of the market, an industry analysis has been conducted with the strategic tool like PESTLE. Likewise, the potential factors that drive the market have also been conducted with Porters five forces tool. Based on the outcome, appropriate recommenda tion has been provided to ARTS to regain the market position in Rwanda. Political- It has been observed that the president of Rwanda is the head of the state and hold a wide array of powers including formulating policies in conjunction with the Cabinet (Booth and Golooba?Mutebi 2014). The major political decisions are taken and controlled by the president of Rwanda. Thus, it can be mentioned that establishment of business in Rwanda market is largely depended on the stability of the political environment. ARTS largely need to contribute to the development of Information technology in Rwanda. However, as there are other competitors like Positive BGH and Netsys Computer Solutions, the government has developed certain IT polices as well as employment norms in the country (Uwamariya, Cremer and Loebbecke 2015). Thus, to run in such small market, the company must have to comply with the rules and regulations developed by the countrys government. Economical- The economy of the nation is mostly based on subsistence agriculture. It is also identified that tourism as well as rapidly growing sector remains as countrys leading foreign exchange earner. The industry sector is comparatively small and it only contributes 14.3% of GDP in 2010 (Farole 2011). However, due to the continuous economic downturn, ARTS might observe a slow growth in the production in the initial stage of the operation. The disposable income of families is not high; thus, the sales margin did not reach desire line. Moreover, the cheap products of Positive BGH could also be a major reason for slow growth of ARTS. Social-The government of the country is highly concerned about the environmental sustainability as it prioritizes the funding for water supply. As the government of the country put emphasis on the education, the people are aware of new trends and technology (Lee 2012). People adopt new western culture; therefore, youth show special interest towards the technology. Thereby, the technology-based products of ARTS are highly demanded by people. Technology Rwandan government provides free IT education in state run School and college; thus, besides the private organizations, the technology-based products are highly demanded by government organizations (Booth and Golooba-Mutebi 2012). This remains as the opportunity for ARTS to sell their developed products. Legal The private organizations in Rwanda are controlled by some regulations developed by the government (Adongo 2012). Mostly importantly, the political environment of the country is changeable; thereby, taxation and trade policies often change, which has strong impact on the operation of ARTS. Environmental- According to the governmental regulations, the organizations in the corporate sector must develop some sustainability approaches for the environmental sustainability. The organization from industry has to contribute to the environmental sustainability. Thus, to build a strong presence beating the competitors, it is necessary for ARTS to contribute to the sustainability programs. Description of the incentives to enter the Rwandan Special Economic Zone The case study indicates that current marketing position of ARTS is deteriorating due to the presence of Positive BGH and their products. Therefore, ARTS need to develop its products and add some value added services to differentiate itself from the competitors. Firstly, the company needs to work on its pricing strategies as the competitors are selling the same products at much cheap price. In addition, as the economy of the country is not stable it is wise to choose the low-cost pricing strategies. ARTS need to contribute to GDP growth of the country to get into Rwandan Special Economic Zone. Following are the incentives the organization could develop. Develop the high quality of technology-based products with the enhanced software applications Sell the products with skimming price to attract the customers to penetrate in the market at the initial stage of business in the new market Free after sale services Explanation of current foreign investment in Rwanda It is observed that Foreign Direct Investment to Rwanda has increased by 78.1% according to the data provided by latest Foreign Private Capital Census (2015)( Henderson, Storeygard and Weil 2012). The report indicates that investment by foreign investors increased to US$450.9 million in 2015 from US$257.6 million recorded in 2014 (Binagwaho et al. 2014). This growth has been observed as the foreign investors are optimistic about the future growth in the country. In addition to this, countrys trade as well as taxation policies attract the foreign investors. Moreover, it is also identified that Mauritius investment in the country leads with $113.5 million. As put forward by Tekin (2012), the investment of tourism sector was around $71.8 million, whereas the ICT sector investment recorded USD 116.1 million. This scenario indicates that almost Information technology sector in Rwanda has the excellent record of growth. ARTS current position of the market is weakening; thus, to strengthen the business, the organization is focused on expanding the market. Moreover, the firm observed market saturation in the existing market, thus, it is wise to get into a new market. Foreign investment in IT sector of Rwanda (USD 116.1 million) is attracting the ARTS to get into the market. Such growth in the industry indicates that organizations both new and existing have a significant market opportunity. The industrial analysis confirms the Rwandan market has growing demand of technology-based products. Moreover, the industry sustained high growth, as the GDP increase is around 8.8%, which indicates a stable inflation and exchange rate (Henderson, Storeygard and Weil 2012). The government of the country has developed a clear vision through private investment. It is also observed that the country is politically stable from last 5 years with effective institutions. The government has developed rule of law as well as Z ero Tolerance policy for corruption. These records and initiatives have motivated ARTS to get into Rwanda for their further expansion. 5 Forces analysis for ARTS Threats of new entrants- Threats of new entrants are low. The investor friendly climate of Rwanda attracts the new investors in the country (Gathani, Santini and Stoelinga 2013). Rwanda is second best global reformer in the world. politically stable environment reduces the risk of external environmental barriers of new entrants in Rwanda Competitive rivalry- As Rwanda is small market, the existing competitors hold a large share of the market. Positive BGH and NetSys have the highest market share in technology based products like computer , Notbook, Hard-drive and many more (Ntale, Yamanaka, and Nkurikiyimfura 2013) ARTS products are already copied by Positive BGH Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining powers of buyers are moderate in Rwandan Technology market. This happens because the market size is small and the number of existing firms is less (Musahara, Akorli and Rukamba 2014). Bargaining power of suppliers- The bargaining power of suppliers is low as due to the less number of competitors in the market, the suppliers do not have other alternatives. Existing developed organizations manufacture their own products and import technology from the home country. Threats of substitutes products- Threats of substitutes are low as the technology-based products like computers, Notebook, hard-drive are not available in other industry in Rwanda (Safari 2013). Table 1: Five forces analysis for ARTS (Source: Ntale, Yamanaka, and Nkurikiyimfura 2013) Comparing and contrasting ARTS primary production line with that of Positive BGH Even though, Positive BHG is an Argentina-based company, it has captured a wide area of the market in Rwanda. The company has confirmed the kick-off production of computers, laptops as its major strategies to supply digital devices to the market. The company Positive BGH developed the plan of assembling 75000 laptops by the end of the present year (Positivobgh.com, 2017). The production line of BHG indicates that the major products of the company are computers, PCs, internal Hard-Drive, and some others. However, ARTS has large varieties of products including the personal computers, laptops, GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook, Intel i7 6920HQ CPU,Hard drive, Super Raid 4 512GB solid state drive,1TB Hard Drive and Full HD Display and many more. Comparatively, ARTS have large variety of products to dominate BGH in the new market. However, BGH sells the same quality of product at low price but ARTS products are little expensive. Likely return for the sale of Titan Rwanda Domestic Market Western Market The overall return for producing and releasing the Titan for sale in the domestic market of Rwanda will be around US$ 3 Million (9% of overall production). This is because Rwandan market is comparatively small than the western market. Many European nations have growing demand of computer-based technology. The overall return of for producing as well as releasing the Titan for Sale in Rwanda domestic market will be around US$11million (19%) of the overall production. As discussed earlier Western market provides large opportunities to spread the products across the market. Providing recommendation It is evident that even though Rwandan has significant market opportunities and governmental support, the operation of ARTS initially will bring a large amount of profits, as the market is unknown. Thus, the company needs to implement certain strategies to understand and acquire the market. Skimming pricing strategies-, It is essential for ARTS to focus on the quality of the products. To gain the identity in the market, the firm could deliver high quality of technology-based product at high price. In a new market, the company cannot strengthen its position in the market selling the products at low price. It has to develop a unique of design of GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook and set skimming price. When the competitors bring in the same technology, ARTS could decrease the price of its products. 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